主要有
ifconfig:查询,设置网卡和ip等参数
ifup,ifdown 脚本命令,启动关闭网络
ip 直接修改网络
手动启动网卡:将网卡设置为开机启动
#编辑网卡配置文件
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
#修改配置参数将ONBOOT修改为yes
ONBOOT=yes
网卡配置文件详解:
网络配置文件:
/etc/sysconfig/network
网络接口配置文件:
/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-INTERFACE_NAME
DEVICE=: 关联的设备名称,要与文件名的后半部“INTERFACE_NAME”保持一致;
BOOTPROTO={static|none|dhcp|bootp}: 引导协议;要使用静态地址,使用static或none;dhcp表示使用DHCP服务器获取地址;
IPADDR=: IP地址
NETMASK=:子网掩码
GATEWAY=:设定默认网关;
ONBOOT=:开机时是否自动激活此网络接口;
HWADDR=: 硬件地址,要与硬件中的地址保持一致;可省;
USERCTL={yes|no}: 是否允许普通用户控制此接口;
PEERDNS={yes|no}: 是否在BOOTPROTO为dhcp时接受由DHCP服务器指定的DNS地址;
例子:
[root@centos1 ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
# Generated by parse-kickstart
IPV6INIT="no"
DHCP_HOSTNAME="localhost"
BOOTPROTO="dhcp"
DEVICE="eth0"
ONBOOT="yes"
UUID="d3174906-a9b7-4ed5-921f-d5deccab4512"
MTU=1460
PERSISTENT_DHCLIENT="y"
IPV6INIT=yes
ifup ifdown命令:
启动/关闭一块网卡
ifup eth0
ifdown eth0
ifup和ifdown是直接连接到/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts目录下搜索对应的网卡文件,例如ifcfg-eth0然后加以设置
ifconfig命令:查看网卡的ip地址
直接输入ifconfig会列出已经启动的网卡,也可以输入ifconfig eth0单独显示eth0的信息
各选项解释是:
eth0 网卡的代号
lo 回环地址loopback
inet IPv4的Ip地址
netmask 子网掩码
broadcast 广播地址
RX/TX 流量发/收情况 tx是发送(transport),rx是接收(receive)
packets 数据包数
errors 数据包错误数
dropped 数据包有问题被丢弃的数量
collisions 数据包碰撞情况,数值太多代表网络状况差
eth0: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST> mtu 1460
inet 10.140.0.9 netmask 255.255.255.255 broadcast 10.140.0.9
inet6 fe80::4001:aff:fe8c:9 prefixlen 64 scopeid 0x20<link>
ether 42:01:0a:8c:00:09 txqueuelen 1000 (Ethernet)
RX packets 41755 bytes 252313868 (240.6 MiB)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 36251 bytes 5159836 (4.9 MiB)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING> mtu 65536
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask 255.0.0.0
inet6 ::1 prefixlen 128 scopeid 0x10<host>
loop txqueuelen 1000 (Local Loopback)
RX packets 9 bytes 441 (441.0 B)
RX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 frame 0
TX packets 9 bytes 441 (441.0 B)
TX errors 0 dropped 0 overruns 0 carrier 0 collisions 0
ip:
这个ip命令是结合了ifconfig和route两个命令的功能
[root@centos1 ~]# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default qlen 1000
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1460 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000
link/ether 42:01:0a:8c:00:09 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 10.140.0.9/32 brd 10.140.0.9 scope global noprefixroute dynamic eth0
valid_lft 3564sec preferred_lft 3564sec
inet6 fe80::4001:aff:fe8c:9/64 scope link noprefixroute
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever