Andy's blog

定位

定位有多种方式，id,class,css,xpath等。

id

cheese = driver.find_element(id: 'cheese')
# 链式查找 
cheese = driver.find_element(id: 'cheese')
cheddar = cheese.find_element(id: 'cheddar')

css

driver.find_element(css: '#cheese #cheddar')

多个元素

<ol id=cheese>
 <li id=cheddar>…
 <li id=brie>…
 <li id=rochefort>…
 <li id=camembert>…
</ul>

mucho_cheese = driver.find_elements(css: '#cheese li')

相对定位

相对定位,selenium4可用

#above() 元素上
password_field= driver.find_element(:id, "password")
email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: 'input', above:password_field})

below() 元素下
email_address_field= driver.find_element(:id, "email")
password_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: 'input', below: email_address_field})

#toLeftOf() 元素左
submit_button= driver.find_element(:id, "submit")
cancel_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: 'button', left:submit_button})

#toRightOf() 元素右
cancel_button = driver.find_element(:id, "cancel")
submit_button = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: 'button', right:cancel_button})

#near() 附近
email_address_label = driver.find_element(:id, "lbl-email")
email_address_field = driver.find_element(relative: {tag_name: 'input', near: email_address_label})

查找方法

find_element

此方法用于查找元素并返回第一个匹配的单个WebElement引用, 该元素可用于进一步的元素操作

require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox
begin
  # Navigate to URL
  driver.get 'https://google.com'

  # Get search box element from webElement 'q' using Find Element
  search_bar = driver.find_element(name: 'q')

  # Perform action using WebElement
  search_bar.send_keys 'Webdriver'
ensure
  driver.quit
end

Find Elements

与"Find Element"相似, 但返回的是匹配WebElement列表. 要使用列表中的特定WebElement, 您需要遍历元素列表以对选定元素执行操作.

require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox
begin
  # Navigate to URL
  driver.get 'https://www.example.com'

  # Get all the elements available with tag name 'p'
  elements = driver.find_elements(:tag_name,'p')

  elements.each { |e|
    puts e.text
  }
ensure
  driver.quit
end

Find Element From Element

此方法用于在父元素的上下文中查找子元素. 为此, 父WebElement与"findElement"链接并访问子元素.

require 'selenium-webdriver'
driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :firefox
begin
  # Navigate to URL
  driver.get 'https://google.com'

  # Get and store DOM element '<form>'
  search_form = driver.find_element(name: 'f')

  # Get search box element from webElement 'form'
  search_bar = search_form.find_element(name: 'q')

  # Perform action using WebElement
  search_bar.send_keys 'Webdriver'
ensure
  driver.quit
end

Find Elements From Element

此方法用于在父元素的上下文中查找匹配子WebElement的列表. 为此, 父WebElement与"findElements"链接并访问子元素

 require 'selenium-webdriver'
  driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
  begin
    # Navigate to URL
    driver.get 'https://www.example.com'

    # Get element with tag name 'div'
    element = driver.find_element(:tag_name,'div')

    # Get all the elements available with tag name 'p'
    elements = element.find_elements(:tag_name,'p')

    elements.each { |e|
      puts e.text
    }
  ensure
    driver.quit
  end

Get Active Element

此方法用于追溯或查找当前页面上下文中具有焦点的DOM元素.

  require 'selenium-webdriver'
  driver = Selenium::WebDriver.for :chrome
  begin
    driver.get 'https://www.google.com'
    driver.find_element(css: '[name="q"]').send_keys('webElement')

    # Get attribute of current active element
    attr = driver.switch_to.active_element.attribute('title')
    puts attr
  ensure
    driver.quit
  end

Ruby selenium part6 定位与查找方法

定位

id